Primary Sources
__
Apple Jr., R. W. "Kennedy Appeals for
Nonviolence." New York Times 5
Apr. 1968: 33. Print.
This article was about the lasting impressions that Dr. King had. After his assassination, Kennedy pleaded for riots to be put to a minimum and people to remember what Dr. King had lived for his entire life - nonviolence.
Baldwin, James, Fred L. Standley, and Louis H. Pratt. Conversations with James Baldwin. Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1989. Print.
The source by James Baldwin was absolutely imperative to understanding multiple perspectives of Dr. King. Although Baldwin respected him, but he ultimately questioned the legitimacy of Dr. King's beliefs.
Caldwell, Earl. "After King: His Deputy Carries On His Work." New York Times 21 Apr. 1968: E3. Print.
Again, this was about the aftermath of Dr. King's death. Ralph Abernathy, Dr. King's right hand man, talks about how he plans to continue the work of Dr. King and how he felt obligated to.
Currivan, Gene. "Dr. King Urges Nonviolence in Rights Protests." New York Times 4 Mar. 1964: 46. Print.
Similar to his overall message of nonviolence, he just requests that these protests are maintained and controlled. He talks about the consequences of a nonviolent protest gone violent.
"Dr. King Is Jailed For Georgia Protest." 11 July 1962: 1. Print.
This article is simply summarizing his experiences being jailed and the benefits of civil disobedience.
"February Is African American History Month." Consulate General of the United StatesChennai, India. U.S. Consulate, Feb. 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/blackhistory.html>.
I briefly used this website to copy a picture of Dr. King visiting India and to access information about African American History Month.
Ferons, James. "Dr. King Stresses Nonviolence Role." New York Times 12 Dec. 1964: 1. Print.
A direct relationship drawn between Gandhi and Dr. King in this article, as it summarizes a speech given to a Norwegian university about the influence of nonviolence.
"Gandhi Strategy Cited by Dr. King." New York Times 24 Mar. 1965: 32. Print.
Dr. King is quoted referring to Gandhi's strategy of nonviolence. He completes his argument by explaining the relevancy of his theories today.
Handler, M. S. "Dr. King Calls Birmingham a Blow to Nonviolence." New York Times 25 Sept. 1963: L33. Print.
Although not directly related to my website, it provided an interesting take on Dr. King, responding to a great deal of violence in the Birmingham Campaign.
Jackson, George. "March 28, 1968." Soledad Brother; the Prison Letters of George Jackson. New York: Coward- McCann, 1970. Print.
Within this collection of letters, there was a specific quote condemning nonviolence, calling it a "false ideal". This quote, among other excerpts from the collection, showed another critical perspective necessary to maintain an unbiased research project.
"A King Aide Tells Logic of Protests." New York Times 22 Jan. 1968: 19. Print.
Andrew J. Young, a man very involved with Dr. King, touches base on things mentioned in other cited articles. Still, it is from another perspective and added some information about the relevancy of nonviolence.
King, Martin L. "Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom by Martin Luther King, Jr." TeachingAmericanHistory.org, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1426>.
This was a piece written by Dr. King on May 4th, 1966. It proved to be very useful trying to understand the reasoning behind nonviolence resistance. He also covered a variety of other smaller topics that I referenced throughout the website.
King, Martin Luther., and Ralph E. Luker. The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1992. Print.
This book held a massive collection of both published and unpublished documents written by Dr. King throughout his entire life. I was able to understand his religious development and relationships with parents much better through his own words. I used many volumes. Excerpts also were made into many quotes shown in my research project.
"Malcolm X Official Website." Malcolmx.com. CMG Worldwide, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. <http://www.malcolm- x.org/index.html>.
Not only did this website provide first-hand pictures of Malcolm X in many areas, it also provided an in-depth biography and collection of quotations.
Mehta, Ted. "Gandhiism Is Not Easily Copied." New York Times 9 July 1961: SM8. Print.
Mostly about Gandhi, this article still covers a great deal about the connection between Dr. King and Gandhi. He portrays Dr. King as a very influential character - doing a great deal in such a short amount of living.
Newton, Huey P. Revolutionary Suicide. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. Print.
Newton's autobiography gave me several accounts of opposition against Dr. King's movement of nonviolence. This helped me create an unbiased project, weighing the pros and cons of both sides of the argument. In addition, it provided sufficient information about the Black Panther Party.
"Nonviolence Tactic Defended by King In Reply to Powell." New York Times 25 Mar. 1968: 46. Print.
In this very short article, King responds to a critic and proves that nonviolence was absolutely necessary. It shows Dr. King's power and emphasis on what he believes in.
Rugabers, Walter. "Dr. King to March in Memphis Again." New York Times 30 Mar. 1968: 31. Print.
The article focuses on a march in Memphis about sanitary workers' rights and the benefits and dangers of marching.
Savage, Charlie. "Civil Rights Hiring Shifted in Bush Era." The Boston Globe. The Pulitzer Archives, 23 July 2006. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/7175>.
Most importantly, this provided me a picture of President Johnson shaking hands with Dr. King. However, it was an interesting article about the new Bush era.
Schumach, Murray. "Martin Luther King Jr.: Leader of Millions in Nonviolent Drive for Racial Justice." New York Times 5 Apr. 1968: 25. Print.
In a particularly lengthy article, everything from his speaking habits to his family in danger to his supporters are talked about, giving a complete sense of Dr. King's influence.
Shannon, William V. "The Ordeal of Martin Luther King." New York Times 20 Aug. 1967: E12. Print.
Dr. King is introduced as a complete representative for the African Americans. It talks about his role helping with the slums, nonviolence, and an upcoming election.
X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine, 1992. Print.
I used this book to quote Malcolm X opposing Dr. King and to realize two different points on how to achieve change.
This article was about the lasting impressions that Dr. King had. After his assassination, Kennedy pleaded for riots to be put to a minimum and people to remember what Dr. King had lived for his entire life - nonviolence.
Baldwin, James, Fred L. Standley, and Louis H. Pratt. Conversations with James Baldwin. Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1989. Print.
The source by James Baldwin was absolutely imperative to understanding multiple perspectives of Dr. King. Although Baldwin respected him, but he ultimately questioned the legitimacy of Dr. King's beliefs.
Caldwell, Earl. "After King: His Deputy Carries On His Work." New York Times 21 Apr. 1968: E3. Print.
Again, this was about the aftermath of Dr. King's death. Ralph Abernathy, Dr. King's right hand man, talks about how he plans to continue the work of Dr. King and how he felt obligated to.
Currivan, Gene. "Dr. King Urges Nonviolence in Rights Protests." New York Times 4 Mar. 1964: 46. Print.
Similar to his overall message of nonviolence, he just requests that these protests are maintained and controlled. He talks about the consequences of a nonviolent protest gone violent.
"Dr. King Is Jailed For Georgia Protest." 11 July 1962: 1. Print.
This article is simply summarizing his experiences being jailed and the benefits of civil disobedience.
"February Is African American History Month." Consulate General of the United StatesChennai, India. U.S. Consulate, Feb. 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/blackhistory.html>.
I briefly used this website to copy a picture of Dr. King visiting India and to access information about African American History Month.
Ferons, James. "Dr. King Stresses Nonviolence Role." New York Times 12 Dec. 1964: 1. Print.
A direct relationship drawn between Gandhi and Dr. King in this article, as it summarizes a speech given to a Norwegian university about the influence of nonviolence.
"Gandhi Strategy Cited by Dr. King." New York Times 24 Mar. 1965: 32. Print.
Dr. King is quoted referring to Gandhi's strategy of nonviolence. He completes his argument by explaining the relevancy of his theories today.
Handler, M. S. "Dr. King Calls Birmingham a Blow to Nonviolence." New York Times 25 Sept. 1963: L33. Print.
Although not directly related to my website, it provided an interesting take on Dr. King, responding to a great deal of violence in the Birmingham Campaign.
Jackson, George. "March 28, 1968." Soledad Brother; the Prison Letters of George Jackson. New York: Coward- McCann, 1970. Print.
Within this collection of letters, there was a specific quote condemning nonviolence, calling it a "false ideal". This quote, among other excerpts from the collection, showed another critical perspective necessary to maintain an unbiased research project.
"A King Aide Tells Logic of Protests." New York Times 22 Jan. 1968: 19. Print.
Andrew J. Young, a man very involved with Dr. King, touches base on things mentioned in other cited articles. Still, it is from another perspective and added some information about the relevancy of nonviolence.
King, Martin L. "Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom by Martin Luther King, Jr." TeachingAmericanHistory.org, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1426>.
This was a piece written by Dr. King on May 4th, 1966. It proved to be very useful trying to understand the reasoning behind nonviolence resistance. He also covered a variety of other smaller topics that I referenced throughout the website.
King, Martin Luther., and Ralph E. Luker. The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1992. Print.
This book held a massive collection of both published and unpublished documents written by Dr. King throughout his entire life. I was able to understand his religious development and relationships with parents much better through his own words. I used many volumes. Excerpts also were made into many quotes shown in my research project.
"Malcolm X Official Website." Malcolmx.com. CMG Worldwide, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. <http://www.malcolm- x.org/index.html>.
Not only did this website provide first-hand pictures of Malcolm X in many areas, it also provided an in-depth biography and collection of quotations.
Mehta, Ted. "Gandhiism Is Not Easily Copied." New York Times 9 July 1961: SM8. Print.
Mostly about Gandhi, this article still covers a great deal about the connection between Dr. King and Gandhi. He portrays Dr. King as a very influential character - doing a great deal in such a short amount of living.
Newton, Huey P. Revolutionary Suicide. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. Print.
Newton's autobiography gave me several accounts of opposition against Dr. King's movement of nonviolence. This helped me create an unbiased project, weighing the pros and cons of both sides of the argument. In addition, it provided sufficient information about the Black Panther Party.
"Nonviolence Tactic Defended by King In Reply to Powell." New York Times 25 Mar. 1968: 46. Print.
In this very short article, King responds to a critic and proves that nonviolence was absolutely necessary. It shows Dr. King's power and emphasis on what he believes in.
Rugabers, Walter. "Dr. King to March in Memphis Again." New York Times 30 Mar. 1968: 31. Print.
The article focuses on a march in Memphis about sanitary workers' rights and the benefits and dangers of marching.
Savage, Charlie. "Civil Rights Hiring Shifted in Bush Era." The Boston Globe. The Pulitzer Archives, 23 July 2006. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/7175>.
Most importantly, this provided me a picture of President Johnson shaking hands with Dr. King. However, it was an interesting article about the new Bush era.
Schumach, Murray. "Martin Luther King Jr.: Leader of Millions in Nonviolent Drive for Racial Justice." New York Times 5 Apr. 1968: 25. Print.
In a particularly lengthy article, everything from his speaking habits to his family in danger to his supporters are talked about, giving a complete sense of Dr. King's influence.
Shannon, William V. "The Ordeal of Martin Luther King." New York Times 20 Aug. 1967: E12. Print.
Dr. King is introduced as a complete representative for the African Americans. It talks about his role helping with the slums, nonviolence, and an upcoming election.
X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine, 1992. Print.
I used this book to quote Malcolm X opposing Dr. King and to realize two different points on how to achieve change.
Secondary Sources
_
"The Birmingham
Desegregation Campaign." AmistadResource.com. Amistad Resource, n.d.
Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://www.amistadresource.org/civil_rights_era/birmingham_desegregation_campaign.html>.
Although I hardly used this source, I did benefit from the picture of the marching and insight onto the Birmingham Campaign.
"February Is African American History Month." Consulate General of the United StatesChennai, India. U.S. Consulate, Feb. 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/blackhistory.html>.
I briefly used this website to copy a picture of Dr. King visiting India and to access information about African American History Month.
"King Institute Resources." King Institute Home. Stanford University, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://mlk- kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/resources/article/king_quotes_on_war_and_peace/>.
The page by Stanford allowed me to find quotes that helped prove my points. Instead of wasting some of the 1,200 words I can use, I used his King's own words.
"Martin Luther King - Biography." Nobelprize.org. Nobel Prize, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html>.
This biography, written by editors at the Nobel staff, was very concise as it explained his background and eligibility for the prize.
Weinstein, Allen, David Rubel, and James Axtell. The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower. New York: DK Pub., 2002. Print.
Only used once, but it helped provide a second resource from Pulitzer Prize winners to understand smaller aspects of the Civil Rights Movement.
Although I hardly used this source, I did benefit from the picture of the marching and insight onto the Birmingham Campaign.
"February Is African American History Month." Consulate General of the United StatesChennai, India. U.S. Consulate, Feb. 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/blackhistory.html>.
I briefly used this website to copy a picture of Dr. King visiting India and to access information about African American History Month.
"King Institute Resources." King Institute Home. Stanford University, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://mlk- kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/resources/article/king_quotes_on_war_and_peace/>.
The page by Stanford allowed me to find quotes that helped prove my points. Instead of wasting some of the 1,200 words I can use, I used his King's own words.
"Martin Luther King - Biography." Nobelprize.org. Nobel Prize, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html>.
This biography, written by editors at the Nobel staff, was very concise as it explained his background and eligibility for the prize.
Weinstein, Allen, David Rubel, and James Axtell. The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower. New York: DK Pub., 2002. Print.
Only used once, but it helped provide a second resource from Pulitzer Prize winners to understand smaller aspects of the Civil Rights Movement.